Utf8Codec final

final class Utf8Codec extends Encoding

A Utf8Codec encodes strings to utf-8 code units (bytes) and decodes UTF-8 code units to strings.

Inheritance

Object → Codec<S, T> → Encoding → Utf8Codec

Constructors

Utf8Codec() const

const Utf8Codec({bool allowMalformed = false})

Instantiates a new Utf8Codec.

The optional allowMalformed argument defines how decoder (and decode) deal with invalid or unterminated character sequences.

If it is true (and not overridden at the method invocation) decode and the decoder replace invalid (or unterminated) octet sequences with the Unicode Replacement character U+FFFD (�). Otherwise they throw a FormatException.

Implementation

const Utf8Codec({bool allowMalformed = false})
  : _allowMalformed = allowMalformed;

Properties

decoder no setter override

Utf8Decoder get decoder

Returns the decoder of this, converting from List<int> to String.

It may be stateful and should not be reused.

Implementation

Utf8Decoder get decoder {
  // Switch between const objects to avoid allocation.
  return _allowMalformed
      ? const Utf8Decoder(allowMalformed: true)
      : const Utf8Decoder(allowMalformed: false);
}

encoder no setter override

Utf8Encoder get encoder

Returns the encoder from String to List<int>.

It may be stateful and should not be reused.

Implementation

Utf8Encoder get encoder => const Utf8Encoder();

hashCode no setter inherited

int get hashCode

The hash code for this object.

A hash code is a single integer which represents the state of the object that affects operator == comparisons.

All objects have hash codes. The default hash code implemented by Object represents only the identity of the object, the same way as the default operator == implementation only considers objects equal if they are identical (see identityHashCode).

If operator == is overridden to use the object state instead, the hash code must also be changed to represent that state, otherwise the object cannot be used in hash based data structures like the default Set and Map implementations.

Hash codes must be the same for objects that are equal to each other according to operator ==. The hash code of an object should only change if the object changes in a way that affects equality. There are no further requirements for the hash codes. They need not be consistent between executions of the same program and there are no distribution guarantees.

Objects that are not equal are allowed to have the same hash code. It is even technically allowed that all instances have the same hash code, but if clashes happen too often, it may reduce the efficiency of hash-based data structures like HashSet or HashMap.

If a subclass overrides hashCode, it should override the operator == operator as well to maintain consistency.

Inherited from Object.

Implementation

external int get hashCode;

inverted no setter inherited

Codec<List<int>, String> get inverted

Inverts this.

The encoder and decoder of the resulting codec are swapped.

Inherited from Codec.

Implementation

Codec<T, S> get inverted => _InvertedCodec<T, S>(this);

name no setter override

String get name

The name of this codec is "utf-8".

Implementation

String get name => "utf-8";

runtimeType no setter inherited

Type get runtimeType

A representation of the runtime type of the object.

Inherited from Object.

Implementation

external Type get runtimeType;

Methods

decode() override

String decode(List<int> codeUnits, {bool? allowMalformed})

Decodes the UTF-8 codeUnits (a list of unsigned 8-bit integers) to the corresponding string.

If the codeUnits start with the encoding of a unicodeBomCharacterRune, that character is discarded.

If allowMalformed is true, the decoder replaces invalid (or unterminated) character sequences with the Unicode Replacement character U+FFFD (�). Otherwise it throws a FormatException.

If allowMalformed is not given, it defaults to the allowMalformed that was used to instantiate this.

Implementation

String decode(List<int> codeUnits, {bool? allowMalformed}) {
  &#47;&#47; Switch between const objects to avoid allocation.
  Utf8Decoder decoder = allowMalformed ?? _allowMalformed
      ? const Utf8Decoder(allowMalformed: true)
      : const Utf8Decoder(allowMalformed: false);
  return decoder.convert(codeUnits);
}

decodeStream() inherited

Future<String> decodeStream(Stream<List<int>> byteStream)

Inherited from Encoding.

Implementation

Future<String> decodeStream(Stream<List<int>> byteStream) {
  return decoder
      .bind(byteStream)
      .fold(
        StringBuffer(),
        (StringBuffer buffer, String string) => buffer..write(string),
      )
      .then((StringBuffer buffer) => buffer.toString());
}

encode() override

Uint8List encode(String string)

Encodes the string as UTF-8.

Implementation

Uint8List encode(String string) {
  return const Utf8Encoder().convert(string);
}

fuse() inherited

Codec<String, R> fuse<R>(Codec<List<int>, R> other)

Fuses this with other.

When encoding, the resulting codec encodes with this before encoding with other.

When decoding, the resulting codec decodes with other before decoding with this.

In some cases one needs to use the inverted codecs to be able to fuse them correctly. That is, the output type of this (T) must match the input type of the second codec other.

Examples:

final jsonToBytes = json.fuse(utf8);
List<int> bytes = jsonToBytes.encode(["json-object"]);
var decoded = jsonToBytes.decode(bytes);
assert(decoded is List && decoded[0] == "json-object");

var inverted = json.inverted;
var jsonIdentity = json.fuse(inverted);
var jsonObject = jsonIdentity.encode(["1", 2]);
assert(jsonObject is List && jsonObject[0] == "1" && jsonObject[1] == 2);

Inherited from Codec.

Implementation

// TODO(floitsch): use better example with line-splitter once that one is
// in this library.
Codec<S, R> fuse<R>(Codec<T, R> other) {
  return _FusedCodec<S, T, R>(this, other);
}

noSuchMethod() inherited

dynamic noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation)

Invoked when a nonexistent method or property is accessed.

A dynamic member invocation can attempt to call a member which doesn't exist on the receiving object. Example:

dynamic object = 1;
object.add(42); // Statically allowed, run-time error

This invalid code will invoke the noSuchMethod method of the integer 1 with an Invocation representing the .add(42) call and arguments (which then throws).

Classes can override noSuchMethod to provide custom behavior for such invalid dynamic invocations.

A class with a non-default noSuchMethod invocation can also omit implementations for members of its interface. Example:

class MockList<T> implements List<T> {
  noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) {
    log(invocation);
    super.noSuchMethod(invocation); // Will throw.
  }
}
void main() {
  MockList().add(42);
}

This code has no compile-time warnings or errors even though the MockList class has no concrete implementation of any of the List interface methods. Calls to List methods are forwarded to noSuchMethod, so this code will log an invocation similar to Invocation.method(#add, [42]) and then throw.

If a value is returned from noSuchMethod, it becomes the result of the original invocation. If the value is not of a type that can be returned by the original invocation, a type error occurs at the invocation.

The default behavior is to throw a NoSuchMethodError.

Inherited from Object.

Implementation

@pragma("vm:entry-point")
@pragma("wasm:entry-point")
external dynamic noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation);

toString() inherited

String toString()

A string representation of this object.

Some classes have a default textual representation, often paired with a static parse function (like int.parse). These classes will provide the textual representation as their string representation.

Other classes have no meaningful textual representation that a program will care about. Such classes will typically override toString to provide useful information when inspecting the object, mainly for debugging or logging.

Inherited from Object.

Implementation

external String toString();

Operators

operator ==() inherited

bool operator ==(Object other)

The equality operator.

The default behavior for all Objects is to return true if and only if this object and other are the same object.

Override this method to specify a different equality relation on a class. The overriding method must still be an equivalence relation. That is, it must be:

• Total: It must return a boolean for all arguments. It should never throw.

• Reflexive: For all objects o, o == o must be true.

• Symmetric: For all objects o1 and o2, o1 == o2 and o2 == o1 must either both be true, or both be false.

• Transitive: For all objects o1, o2, and o3, if o1 == o2 and o2 == o3 are true, then o1 == o3 must be true.

The method should also be consistent over time, so whether two objects are equal should only change if at least one of the objects was modified.

If a subclass overrides the equality operator, it should override the hashCode method as well to maintain consistency.

Inherited from Object.

Implementation

external bool operator ==(Object other);